Overview
A varicocele is like a varicose vein in the scrotum, usually on the left.
When to get urgent help
Seek urgent help for a sudden new varicocele in an older man.
Causes and risk factors
Faulty valves in the testicular veins.
How it develops (pathophysiology)
Blood pools in the pampiniform plexus, raising temperature around the testicle, which can reduce sperm production.
Signs and symptoms
A 'bag of worms' feeling, dragging ache and sometimes a smaller testicle.
How it is diagnosed
Examination and ultrasound.
Possible complications
Reduced fertility.
Medicines
Painkillers.
Other treatments
Embolisation or surgery if painful or affecting fertility.
Living with it and prevention
Not preventable.
Outlook
Usually harmless.
