Overview
Bursitis commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee.
When to get urgent help
Seek urgent help for a hot, red joint with fever.
Causes and risk factors
Repetitive pressure, injury, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and infection.
How it develops (pathophysiology)
Friction or injury inflames the bursa lining, which produces excess fluid. The sac swells and presses on nearby nerves and tissues.
Signs and symptoms
Pain, swelling and tenderness over a joint, worse with pressure.
How it is diagnosed
Examination; fluid sampling if infection is suspected.
Possible complications
Chronic bursitis and infection.
Medicines
Painkillers, anti-inflammatories, steroid injections and antibiotics for infection.
Other treatments
Rest, ice and padding.
Living with it and prevention
Avoid prolonged kneeling or leaning on elbows; use cushions.
Outlook
Usually settles within weeks.
